Mabuhay Filipino Thinkers!
This is a Tagalog-English political opinion for the benefit of our strong 200,000 viewership base. I personally believe that what the Iglesia Ni Cristo is currently doing is a clear manifestation of their confidence to go head-on against our Govt and the Rule of Law as if they own the whole Philippines and has the capacity to walk away with anything smoothly.
READ MORE : INSIDER : INC Executive Council’s Main Concern Is The Non-Bailable Case | Think Philippines!
Presidential Palace of the Philippines
We are talking about the same people with a good history of influencing our politicians’ decision making process in almost everything. Tayo po ba e papayag na may isang minorya na gusto diktahan ang direksyon ng ating bayan?
Ako po ay lubusan na naniniwala na ang isang demokrasya ay hindi lamang para sa iilan kung hindi para sa lahat. Pero kapag tayo po ay may direktang intensyon na mang abala. Ano po ba ang tawag dito? They are directly and consciously violating the rights and freedom of every Filipino people to navigate and live a normal life!
INC MEMBERS BLOCKING SHAW BLVD.
INQUIRE NOW!
INQUIRE NOW!
Hindi naman po national issue ang sa kanila. Hindi naman po ito isang immoral na issue. Ang issue nila ay ayaw nila na imbistigahan sila dahil sa “Separation of State and Church” ? Eh bakit kung ganyan pala ang punto nyo, bakit kada eleksyon endorso kayo ng endorso ng kandidato. Bakit kung ganyan ang punto nyo? Palagi kayo nakikipag ugnayan na mag appoint ng mga INC members sa influential positions sa Government.
Kung tunay at lubusan na gusto nyo ng separation of state and church, bakit hindi nyo hayaan na imbestigahan kayo kung wala talaga kayong tinatago?
Sobra na ang walang habas na pananakal at pangho-hostage ng Sanguinan ng Iglesia Ni Kristo sa mga pulitiko natin. Hindi lang mga botante na nagbebenta ng boto ang problema ng bayan natin kung hindi ang mga Simbahan na direktang pinipilit ang kanilang layunin para sa bansa na kadalasan ay sariling organisasyon lang naman nila ang nag bebenepisyo.
READ MORE : INSIDER : INC Executive Council’s Main Concern Is The Non-Bailable Case | Think Philippines!
What is happening to our country is a mockery of law! Hindi ako pro-leftist ngunit bakit kapag sila ang nag rally, batuta at water cannon kaagad ang bumubungad sa kanila pero kapag ang isang simbahan na direktang nag utos na i-sabotage ang ekonomiya ng pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng pag harang sa EDSA, tayo ay nakikipag negosasyon pa?
Kapag ito ay kononsinte ng gobyerno, binibigyan nila ng saysay na ang Pilipinas ay para sa iilan lamang. Paano naman ang mga kapatid natin na Muslim na patuloy sa pakikibaka para sa “freedom of expression” and autonomy habang nakikita nila ang mga naka upo at kasalukuyan na Trapo ay pinaglalaroan lang ang ating demokrasya.
Ito ba ang demokrasya na kinamatayan at binuwisan ng buhay ni Rizal at iba pa natin na mga bayani at lolo?
SUGGESTED ARTICLES THAT YOU MAY LIKE :
UP CLOSE! Understanding HMO/Health Card In 10 Minutes | Think Philippines!
Understanding Mutual Funds in 5 Minutes For Newbies | Think Philippines!
UP CLOSE! Benefits Of Getting A Variable Universal Life Insurance Plan (VUL) | Think Philippines!
Hanggang kailan tayo magpapa alila sa mga simbahan. Mga kaibigan, ito ay animo’y pang aabuso ng mga prayle noong panahon ng mga Kastila.
Wag tayo papayag na patuloy na alilain ng mga INC Pastors and Sanggunian members ang mga miyembro nila na kapag hindi sumunod ay mapapatawan ng parusa o ititiwalag.
This is an economic sabotage allowed by the whole Sangunian Members! They should be charged! This is not a people power because they were all ordered to do this!
Tama na! Sobra na!
Source : Google Images
If The PHL Govt Will Condone The Shenanigans Of INC Many Will Join The Revolution!
Bakit ko nalaman ito?
BECAUSE I WILL BE ONE OF THEM WHO WILL JOIN TO CORRECT THE SYSTEM OF CORRUPTION AND A POSSIBLE CONDONATION OF CRIME AGAINST THE FILIPINOS!
About The Editor-In-Chief of Think Philippines!
Edwardo Miguel Guevarra Roldan
- Lead Convenor of Isang Samahan, Isang Pilipinas (ISIP) and Think Philippines!
(+63) 927 646 0088 WhatsApp/Viber/Philippine Mobile Number
http://www.fb.com/ThinkPhilippinesBlog
Note :
To post articles here at Think Philippines, you may email it to: isangsamahanisangpilipinas@gmail.com or by simply commenting it on the field provided below.
Thank you for supporting us
Welcome to Think Philippines! 
tama na sobra na, panahon na ng pagbabago, ilabas na ang katotohanan, ibagsak ang lumang kasaysayan ng lupang hinirang, kasama ninyo ako sa simulain ng inyong samahan at sana naman ay nasa katarungan at tamang daan ang ating tatahakin, in sha allah( in gods will)
LikeLiked by 1 person
Dapat sa kanila bombahin ng pressurized water using all available fire host in the Philippines. Anong silbi ng kapulisan at militar natin despite all the newly acquired military gadgets if they can not even control the crowd of a few thousands?
LikeLiked by 1 person
i think no policemen will do that because even high ranking officials were members of INC
LikeLiked by 1 person
yet, they should be flushed with water just like when militants rallies too.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Tuwid Na Daan Gang.
“Bakit nga ba ganito katindi ang pagbibigay pansin ni De Lima sa issue ng INC, kaysa sa mga issue ng bayan na dapat mas inuuna at binibigyan ng panahon para maresolba at mabigyan ng hustisya. Sa anim na taong pamamalakad ni pinoy ay masasabi nating mayroong “tuwid na daan gang” , pansinin ninyo meron silang modus na ginagawa upang maalis sa kanilang landas ang maaring makasagabal o makapigil sa kanilang “tuwid na daan” tulad nalamang nila dating Ombudsman Mercy Gutierrez sa tingin nila ay hadalng ito sa matuwid na daan kaya binigyan ng impeachment complaint at bago pa ito tuluyang maihain ay napilitan ng mag-resign, tanggal! At giba! Kanila rin isinunod si Former Chief Justice Renato Corona giniba nila ito sa pamamagitan rin ng impeachment at pagsasampa ng kaso at si mismong Vice President Binay ito ay kanilang kaibigan, kaalyado pero mapapansing noong nag-declair ito na tatakbong presidente binigyan ng katakutakot na kontrobersya at hindi tinantanan hanggang ngayon at ang mga senador na si Enrile, Estrada Revilla ay ipinakulong . Maaaring maging mensahe ito sa mga senador na huwag kayong haharang-harang kung ayaw ninyong masagasaan sa tuwid na daan. Kagaya na lamang ng sitwasyon ng INC, maaring nakikita nilang sagabal ang INC kaya naman pinipilit itong gibain upang maituloy ang tuwid na daan.”
LikeLike
isa lang, ang batas ay para sa lahat, no exemptions. kung hindi mo maintindihan ito, pareho ka lang ng mga TRAPO sa gobyerno, pinipili mo kung sino lang ang gusto mo sabihan. MALI BA O TAMA ANG GINAGAWA NG INC? Abusuhin ang gobyerno dahil hawak nila sa bayag ang mga tarandong mga TRAPO. wag mo ilihis ang usapan, tuunan mo ng pansin ang issue sa INC. GET YOUR FACTS STRAIGHT ALSO. Bilib ako kay de Lima, alam natin na tatakbo siya ng pagkasenador, pero pinili nya na dingging ang reklamo, at hindi isipin na kailangan niya ang boto ng mga INC. ULITIN KO LANG, ANG BATAS AY PARA SA LAHAT, NOBODY IS ABOVE THE LAW!!!
LikeLiked by 1 person
Palagay ko hndi naiintidhan ng mga nagrarally ang sinasabi nilang separation of church and states,kc sa separation of church and states,wlang pkialam ang gobyerno kahit anung ituro mo sa relihiyon mo..pero, pg may reklamo ng abduction or anumang krimen, trabaho na state ang makialam..yan ang sinasabi ng batas nti..isang punto pa, bakit mgraraly kaagad cla eh wla pGud pm po mga kapatid n lokal choir,sana po makumpl2 npo natin ung ating mga share sa music summit. nmng ginagawa aksyon ang justice department ah, tinanggap lng ni de lima ung nagrereklamo na miembro rin nmn nila dati..kung tlgng wlng katotohanan ang reklamo, eh d wala kaung dapt n ipagalala, kc lalabas nmn un sa ibestigasyon..o bka nmn kya kau takot na takot maimbestigahan eh kasi, MALAKING KATOTOHANAN TLGA ANG REKLAMO LABAN SA SANGGUNIAN NA PILIT NAMNG IPINAGTATANGOL NG MGA BULAG NA MIEMBRO NYO.
LikeLiked by 1 person
I am a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo for the past 43 years. I also studied at the Ateneo de Manila University from kinder to first semester of MBA. I also reside in Vancouver, BC, Canada. I have read your statements above and it appears that you and your readers are not completely informed about our faith, the Iglesia ni Cristo. Let me explain to you and your readers why we are rallying today.
IN THE CASE OF THE DOJ AND THE INC, HOW HAS SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE BEEN VIOLATED?
1. In DOJ Secretary De Lima’s own words, quoted from a July 29 article, the reason for not closing the case are two:
“Dalawang anggulo ang tinitingnan ng team – the alleged abductions of 10 INC ministers although most of them are unnamed,” de Lima said adding that they are tracing the 10 unnamed ministers.
The second angle, de Lima said, is if Angel Manalo and his family are detained or not.
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/…/probe-into-iglesia-abduction…
2. Answer to De Lima’s 1st angle: That same article mentions that only four could be named. All four of whom have issued statements that they were not detained.
http://www.eaglenews.ph/inc-ministers-come-out-in-the-open…/
3. Answer to De Lima’s 2nd angle: Angel himself denied that he is being held hostage or detained.
http://www.philstar.com/…/angel-manalo-alleges-corruption-i…
At this point, the case should have been closed based on De Lima’s own criteria.
What about Isaias Samson’s new charges? To put it in layman’s terms, if a person gets fired from his job because of violations of that company’s rules—and that same person is able to freely leave his home with his family and call a press conference—can the DOJ step in and file charges against that company’s entire board of directors, seeking their removal and arrest based solely on that disgruntled former employee’s testimony? That wouldn’t just be interference with that company’s affairs; that would be harassment and persecution of that company.
In the end, this is what they are doing to the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Threatening to press charges that would result in the removal of the entire Church Council that assists the Executive Minister in overseeing the entire Church based on accusations that cannot be substantiated. Is this a real threat? Don’t forget that the ones giving De Lima her orders were also behind the removal of a Supreme Court Chief Justice and three Senators and the demolition job on the reputation of the country’s Vice-President. What do all five have in common? None of them were members of the ruling party.
Has the character of the current government to try to control or topple any perceived threat been noticed by anyone else? You might find this Manila Times article interesting reading:
http://www.manilatimes.net/the-ombudsman-aquinos-top-pol…/…/
What the governing authorities have done to their political opposition they are now trying to do to the Iglesia Ni Cristo. If they cannot control it, they want to topple it. That is why this is an issue of Separation of Church and State.
That Angel Manalo could join forces with such a diabolical group to bring such harm on the Church only shows why he had to be separated from the Church.”
The following are more comments on Facebook related to the above:
– “Delima ang dami palang senador na kaalyado nyo ang sangkot sa pdaf bakit di mo pa kinakasuhan? Sagot!!
Bakit wala pang kasong isinasampa sa mamasapano incident? Dahil ba may madadamay na alam mo na.
Sagot!!
Bakit si gatdula pinanggigilan mo ng husto yun pala talo kayo sa korte. Abswelto yung tao. Sinira nyo yung dangal ng tao. Sagot!
Bakit mo pinaniwalaan kagad yung mga sumbong ng mga tiwalag sa Iglesia. Naging partial ka kagad. Sigurado ako magagaya lang yan sa kaso mo kay director gatdula. Sagot!”
– “De lima has obviously over estimated her 2016 Senatorial chance..what’s the motive? Perceiving We will seek a compromise to kinda bail The Sanggunian out in exchange of our votes? Incorrect assessment. She most likely is unaware of the fact that INC had to fight the strongman Marcos at some point of his reign when the latter thought he could bully us. Leila does not know what she’s into right now.”
Therefore, in my (this is Sonny Serion now) humble opinion, De Lima has overstepped the boundaries of her job as DOJ Secretary. A non-Iglesia lawyer has said that the DOJ or De Lima should have advised Jun Samson to quietly proceed to the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City which has jurisdiction over the complaint and there, the complaint can proceed in due course. Instead, what De Lima did was provide physical protection to all the expelled ministers and families and entered them all into the Witness Protection Program of the government and with a retinue of news reporters and videographers made her office as the one receiving the formal complaint.
SHE PROVOKED THE INC TO CRITICIZE AND ASK FOR HER RESIGNATION SO THAT SHE WILL BE THE CENTER OF ATTENTION!! Her motive? She was/is planning to run for senator under the Liberal Party banner and make it appear to the whole world that SHE IS BEING PERSECUTED WHILE SHE IS MERELY DOING HER JOB. Will she get the votes to become a senator of the Republic? There are now people who think that she may be a good public servant who has the “balls” to do what is “right”, right?
It is obvious that she is playing “chess” and trying to get the right moves way ahead of the opponent. And what is really disturbing here is that she has nothing to lose and everything to gain. How? She got the attention she needed. Even if just to placate the INC who will call for her resignation, she will resign but she needs to resign anyway because she is about to file her candidacy as a senator.
Efren (Sonny) Serion
PS. Do you know that a charge of “illegal detention” or kidnapping under Philippine laws will merit a no-bail allowed arrest until the case is disposed of? The NBI which is the real investigating agency declared the case closed but De Lima still continued to seek for additional investigations which is no longer reasonable.
LikeLike
If there is no crime committed, no one should be afraid and besides we all know that INC is awash with money and good lawyers. Why should we not answer this head on? Ang mga catholic priest na ng rape, linilitis. Si Bro. Eli ng ADD, na hatulan. Bakit ang INC ayaw magpa imbestiga?
LikeLiked by 1 person
Agree. It doesn’t mean na kapag inaakusahan ka ay guilty ka na agad. You have the right to defend yourself in the proper forum, not in the streets. If the INC Executive Council indeed are guilty and later on gets arrested, is the INC that small to not pick among its millions of members the next members of the INC? There must be something wrong if an organisation that has millions of members do not have a clear line of succession and can only pick from select group of members only.
LikeLiked by 1 person
That is such a wonderful rhetoric! Brilliant!
LikeLike
You do not understand the whole point of his argument. This is not just about the supposed illegal detention case, this is about an imminent conspiracy to sabotage INC for personal gain. “The NBI which is the real investigating agency declared the case closed but De Lima still continued to seek for additional investigations which is no longer reasonable.” Nakapag imbestiga na po ang NBI. And yet may commotion pa rin na nagaganap regarding the case. Do you not find it fishy? Besides, the DoJ is directly meddling with something that should have been easily resolved. As if may murder, torturing or whatnot na naganap. This kind of matter is fairly trivial. Nothing special. But then, what if ang circumstance nag involve ng mas maliit na grupo. Magkakaroon rin kaya ng tumult na ganito? Kung pinakita lang sana ng DoJ ang insistence na meron sila sa case ng INC sa ibang mas importanteng scandal i.e. Ang Mamasapano Controversy, mas kapakipakinabang pa sana sila.
PS. I am a member of INC.
LikeLike
Kahit ilang kaso pa ang ibato kung walang tinatago, kung walang sala ikaw ay mapapalaya.
LikeLike
Alam nyo naman po ang danger ng chismis diba? Ang mapanirang puri, kahit hindi pa totoo, kapag pinakalat ay malala ang sira na nagagawa. The same thing with these trivial things. It is not just a simple case of investigation , character assassination na po to.
LikeLike
Pero yun nga ang purpose ng proper forum. Sa tingin po ba ang INC walang abogado, connections and pera para makipag tapatan at harapin ang kaso?
LikeLike
IM NOT A MEMBER OF INC. sorry nakalimutan ko ang not.
PSS. Agnostic po ko. lol
LikeLike
Ang pinapakita lang ng INC, o ang sinasabi nalang ng mga namumuno ng INC sa ginagawa nilang rally ay ito: ELEKSYON NA NEXT YEAR, TANDAAN NIYO! KAILANGAN NIYO KAMI! Yan lang ang gustong pahiwatig ng INC sa ginagawa nilang walang habas na panggulo sa mga inosenteng taong bayan.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Saan ba nagsimula lahat ito…sa mga miyembro din ninyo nanggaling…Angel Manalo and his mother…the very same family of the Executive Minister…na may mga anomalyang nagaganap sa loob ng pamamahala sa pangunguna ng Sanggunian….napanood ko nung ipinalabas ang kalatas ng pagtitiwalag sa mga miyembro ng INC…hindi maatim ng tagapamahala ninyo sa Estados Unidos na basahin ang kalatas. And probably he and his family is in hiding now….THIS IS NOT AN ISSUE OF SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE…there is a complaint and the Justice Department (state) has the right to investigate….its not about sabotage…dahilan na lang yan…PAG GUSTO MARAMING PARAAN…PAG AYAW?….MARAMING DAHILAN
LikeLiked by 1 person
ginagawang tanga ng mga leaders ng inc ang mga members nila at nagpapakatanga naman sila.gusto lang ipakita ng grupo ni zabala na me support pa sa kanila mga tao nila.mga kalokohan nyo bulok,gamitin nyo pa mamasapano para talaga isimpatya kayo. me mafia sa inc.kawawa mga ministers nila.pano hindi makialam e me illegal detention na nangyayari,mga ungas.
LikeLike
I think not all members of the INC are stupid who blindly follow their organizations precepts like surrendering 10% of their hard earned income to their leaders plus giving additional donations called “alay”, “handog” and the like. A small minority are intelligent or smart enough to benefit from the arrangement. They constitute the ministers, the leaders, the businessmen who corners the business from the drone-like masses and educated ones who fights over the largess and benefits from the influence peddlers in the government.
I agree with the example given by the INC member who claim to be an Ateneo graduate…if we will consider INC as a company, then we can say that the sanggunian constitute their Board of Director. However, I do not subscribe entirely to his claim that the “issue” is an intra-company problem precisely because they already expelled Samson from the so called “company” and the complaint filed with the DOJ does not pertain to purely company issue, that is , the complaint is not against the company – or if we subscribe to the example…the complaint is not against the INC. Again, nowhere in the complaint can we find any attack against the INC. The case filed is against the members of the Sanggunian…unless the INC is claiming that the INC and their sanggunian are the same.
How come, when the six catholic bishops and one priest, were accused in 2011 of receiving bribes from the PCSO in the form of pajeros and expensive vehicles, were shamed and investigated by the Senate,..nobody from the Catholic Church cried that the investigation is a violation of “Separation from the Church and State”. The bishops were eventually found innocent, yet they insisted on returning the donated vehicles. The catholic bishops did not request for special treatment and they bravely faced their accuser.
How come the members of sanggunian of INC are trying their best to bully Secretary De Lima by black mail and us by threathening to make our lives like hell…to stop her and us from proceeding with the investigation. Are they hiding something. Are they guilty of the crime and want the government to give them special treatment or worse…exemption from the laws of the land? Have they become so sure of their hold and influence in the government that they believe they are above the law?
I do not hate the ordinary members of the INC…actually I pity them. Napakakawawa nila…let us pray for them.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Hindi makadiyos yung ginagawa nyong pagraraly. Kasi galit ang nasa puso nyo.
LikeLike
WHAT ‘SEPARATION’ IS LEILA TRYING TO BREACH?
.
FANATICS of Iglesia Ni Cristo have braved sun and rain for days now – all for the sake of unsound rationale or state of mind that, in truth, is well-known to its leaders like a faith gone wrong. They accomplish nothing more than making EDSA traffic worse. They immobilize millions of people who use Metro Manila’s main artery each day and who wanted to make their long weekend productive. If such uncultured behavior spills over Tuesday, it is expected to practically immobilize business in the Metropolis as if it still has not – because businessmen go through their regimen even on weekends through meetings, contract negotiations, regular work; and most of these require travel. But except for the ‘embattled’ DOJ Secretary Leila de Lima, there is almost no one in government who gives a damn.
* * *
The poor fanatics are made to believe that they have been massing out to defend the separation of State and their ‘Church’. In case they have some mind left, they must think again. Far from being a fan of De Lima, I can see that she is just doing her job. Saparate or mix-up ‘Church’ and State, she cannot – as she could not even stand pat on her DOJ’s findings on allies of President Aquino who were found directly responsible and, therefore, liable in the aftermath of the 2010 Luneta hostage incident. Remember? That made our government and its police force look like midget fools in the eyes of the world. Now, this same woman is being accused of breaching the separation between Church and State? Any fool can say that – and many of them have camped near the EDSA Shrine. Will Aquino reverse her again, this time?
* * *
Nobody gives a sh_t about the INC ‘religion’. If they believe that they are the only ones who will be saved in paradise come Judgment Time, let them nurture their little source of happiness which is often the most priceless gift of ignorance. Honestly, I fume at ‘heretics’ who do not seem to give the smallest of credit and respect to the Virgin Mary but, living in country where religious beliefs are freely expressed, I thought let them be for the moment and let us all see what happens in the next life. If their members want to give 10 percent of their monies to their infrastructures, services and rich ministers – go ahead as long as it is not my money they give. But the accusation they hurl against De Lima is totally out-of-plumb. What breach in separation of Church and State are they talking about?
* * *
The DOJ is simply implementing the law when it jumpstarted investigation on charges of alleged illegal detention against high members of the INC hierarchy. Where is the breach of the separation of ‘Church’ and State here? Was the INC expecting the DOJ to ignore the possibility of a crime having committed just because they are the INC – a voting bloc that is reportedly capable of mobilizing over two million votes during elections? Suppose there is another religious sect whose belief includes burning live humans for their gods, shall the government not interfere on the basis of separation of Church and State? And, by the way, why are INC members massing at EDSA Shrine, in the vicinity of the monument of Virgin Mary whom they have always shown little or no respect for? Are they now become ‘monuments’ men?
* * *
As this happen, my initially ‘preferred’ potential presidential candidate in Grace Poe issued a statement saying “members of the influential religious group Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) have a right to defend their religion and beliefs” – as if we are illiterates and none of us knew. Apparently all for the sake of courting votes from everywhere, Poe’s slip is now showing – but it does not fit her well, exactly why it is showing. I had initial suspicions of a clueless Poe when she first implied that the Constitutional requirement on being a natural-born Filipino should take a backseat to a presidential candidate’s intention to serve her country. Really? Then amend the Constitution first so one foundling, in tears over here, could run.
* * *
The man who thinks he is a brilliant politician would not be left behind, so there goes Jejomar Binay – no sterling qualities outside being dark, short and corrupt – defending the INC. You cannot expect any better from him so spare the guy and let us reserve print space for more meaningful things. Feliciano Belmonte once advised Mar Roxas to put more smile on his face for better marketability and, that, he took like a career obligation perhaps on the coaching of his wife who, just lately, started calling herself Korina Sanchez-Roxas. He still heads the DILG that wields power over the PNP but – where, exactly, does Smiling Mar now stands on the INC bullying acts? He appears indecisive for two important reasons – first, he was indecisive to begin with and, now, there is an ambition he nurtures in his mind.
* * *
President Aquino’s penchant for loud-mouth criticisms is gone, tails between his legs. If De Lima runs for President now, I wouldn’t surprise myself if I vote for her if she is ranged against the clown that we see now. After all, where on Earth can you find a perfect leader? At least this lady is trying to implement the law – as long as she makes sure to keep Aquino 500 yards away. (Follow North Wind on Facebook for more articles)
LikeLike
Ang batas ay batas. Kung me reklamo sa iyo, sagutin mo. Kung wala ka talagang kasalanan mas gugustuhin mong mapabilis ang kaso upang malinis ang iyong pangalan. Hindi mo pwedeng gamiting pandepensa ang “unahin mo muna ung iba bago ako”. Delaying tactics ang tawag don. Bakit? Kasi….?
Kayo na po bahala magdugtong nyan kung bakit. Opinion only
LikeLiked by 1 person